Bipolar disorder can affect your ability to think clearly, and the severity and types of symptoms can be different from one person to another.Īlthough the exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, research is ongoing. There are several types of bipolar disorder, which are characterized as having extreme shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), an estimated 4.4 percent of American adults experience bipolar disorder at some point. Substance UseĬonsider toxicology screening (with the patient’s consent) if you suspect illicit drug use.Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that affects millions of people in the United States. In any patient with psychotic features-even those who show common signs of bipolar disorder, such as grandiosity and other mood-congruent features-it is important to consider the possibility of a primary psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia. Although hallucinations and vivid perceptions are also common, the presence of hallucinations underscores the need to rule out organic causes as well as substance use. Psychosis often presents as a form of thought disorder (e.g., tangentiality). Mood-congruent delusions (e.g., grandiosity) and mood-incongruent delusions (e.g., paranoia) are the most common psychotic features. Psychotic features usually appear during manic rather than depressive episodes. PsychosisĪpproximately 50 to 95 percent of people with bipolar disorder experience psychosis. People with borderline personality disorder often have distal trauma (e.g., childhood adversity). The central and defining features of borderline personality disorder are an enduring and pervasive pattern of interpersonal relations that is chaotic and tempestuous, with subjective complaints of emptiness and attachment difficulties. Personality Disordersīorderline personality disorder is not a diagnosis of exclusion for bipolar disorder. Other psychiatric disorders and problems are described in the following sections.
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